PLASTICS RECYCLING & WASTE MANAGEMENT

PLASTICS WASTE MANAGEMENT (PWM)

1.      Sources

2.     Collection segregation

3.     Identification by simple methods

4.     Techniques employed for its separation

Plastics have made remarkable contribution in almost every field of human activity today-

Medical, transportation, agriculture, piping, electrical and heat insulation, Manufacturing of household and electronic goods, packaging, furniture and other items of daily or specific use.

WHY PLASTICS ARE USED

Plastics are widely used because of their light weight nature, durability, non-breakability, transparency as well as opacity, potential for diverse application, and low price.

CATERGORY OF PLASTICS

1.     RECYCLABLE PLASTICS (Thermoplastics):

  PET, HDPE, PVC, LDPE, PP, PS etc.

2.     NON-RECYLABLE PLASTICS (Thermoset and others):

 Multilayer & laminated plastics, Nylon, PUF, Bakelite, polycarbonate, Melamine etc.

SCENARIO OF WASTE

 After food waste and paper waste, plastic waste is the major constitute of local and industrial waste in cities.

1.     Paper and Cardboard – 34%

2.     Organics – 32%

3.     Plastics – 17%

4.     Metals – 6%

5.     Glass – 5%

6.     Inorganic – 4%

7.     Special waste – 2%

INTRODUCTION

·         Rapid population growth, urbanization, and industrial growth have led to severe waste management problems in cities around the world.

·         Worldwide, nearly 140 million tons of plastics are produced each year.

·         Even the cities with low economic growth have started producing more plastic waste due to:

 – Plastic packaging,

 – Plastic shopping bags,

 – PET bottles o and other goods/appliances using plastic as the major component.

DEFINITION OF PLASTICS WASTE MANAGEMENT

·         Plastics Waste management (Plastics Waste Disposal) includes all the activities and actions required to manage waste from its Formation to its Final disposal.

·         This includes the:-

1.     collection,

2.     transport,

3.     treatment and

4.     disposal of waste,

5.     Monitoring and regulation of the waste management process.

·         Plastics Waste can be solid, liquid, or gas and each type has different methods of disposal and management.

UNDERSTANDING OF PLASTICS WASTE MANAGEMENT

·         Plastics Waste management deals with all types of waste, including industrial, biological and household. In some cases, waste can pose a warning to human health.

·         Plastics Waste management is intended to reduce adverse effect of waste on human health, the environment or aesthetics.

·          Waste management practices are not constant among countries (developed and developing nations); regions (urban and rural areas), and residential and industrial sectors can all take different addresses.

·         A large portion of waste management practices deal with local solid waste (MSW) which is the bulk of the waste that is created by household, industrial, and commercial activity.

PLASTICS WASTE IN INDIA

·         In India, around 4-5% of municipal solid waste (MSW) material is post-consumer plastics in comparison to 6-10% in the US, Europe and other developed countries.

·         India recycled 47% of its total plastic waste in diffrence to China (11%), the US (3.5%), South Africa (15%), and UK (7%). There are around 20,000 plastics recycling industries in India with a daily capacity of 1,500 tons.

·         Due to lack of integrated solid waste management (ISWM), most of the plastic waste is neither collected properly nor disposed off in appropriate manner to avoid its negative impacts on environment and public health.

“3R (reduce, reuse and recycle) principle”

PLASTICS WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

1.     Reduce – Lowering the quantity of waste produced.

2.     Reuse – Using materials again.

3.     Recycle – Using materials to build new products.

4.     Recovery – Recovery energy from waste.

5.     Landfill – Safe disposal of waste to landfill.

PERCENTAGE OF PLASTICS USED IN DIFFERENT FIELDS

1.     Packaging – 35%

2.     Building and Construction – 23%

3.     Transport – 8%

4.     Furniture/House ware – 8%

5.     Electrical and Electronics – 8%

6.     Agriculture – 7%

7.     Toys/Sports – 3%

8.     Other – 3%

9.     Mechanical Engineering – 2%

10.  Medical – 2%

11.  Footwear – 1%

HARMFUL EFFECTS OF PLASTICS

Plastic is flexible, lightweight, moisture resistant, strong, and relatively inexpensive4. Those are the attractive qualities that lead us, around the world, to such a voracious appetite and overconsumption of plastic goods. However, hard-wearing and very slow to degrade, plastic materials that are used in the production of so many products, ultimately, become waste. Our huge attraction to plastic, coupled with an undeniable behavioral propensity of increasingly over-consuming, rejecting, littering and thus polluting, has become a combination of lethal nature. The disposal of plastics is one of the least recognized and most highly problematic areas of plastic’s ecological impact. Ironically, one of plastic’s most

·         Groundwater and soil pollution

·         Pollution in Oceans

·         Dangerous for human life

MAJOR COMPONENTS OF PLASTICS WASTE WITH THEIR APPLICATION

1.     PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) – Water and soft drink bottles, food jar.

2.     PVC – Cables, plumbing pipes.

3.     HDPE – Shampoo bottles, packaging.

4.     LDPE – Grocery bags, packaging.

5.     PP (Polypropylene) – Bottle caps, medicine bottles, chips packs.

6.     PS (Polystyrene) – Disposal cups, cutlery, packaging foam.

7.     PC (Polycarbonate) – Food packaging, electronic goods, and defense gadgets.

8.     Nylon – Fishing nets, clothing, and ropes.

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